(1) Jewish Settlement in Pre-Islamic Arabia.
The Jews settled in or about the city of Yathred ( the old name of Medina) after migrating from the prosecutions of the Babylonian, Greek and Roman Empires . Banu Nazir held colony at Khaiber, Banu Quraiza at Fidak and Banu Qainqua near Medina. They lived in fortified cantons. When the Prophet migrated to Medina, he entered into treaty with the Jews. Violating this treaty, they secretly helped the enemies at the battle of Badr. When the Muslims were victorious, their jealousy grew into regular enmity. There were also many incidents and fracas resulting in deaths. The Prophet, having disgusted with the violation of the treaty, laid siege to teh fort of - Banu Qainqua for fifteen days. Afterwords they were expelled from Medina and they thereafter settled in Syria 2.A.H .
This was exactly the case with Banu Nazir .They attempted once on the life of the Prophet and sided with they enemies secretly. They were asked to renew the agreement but they did not comply. This was taken as open war. Hence they were banished from their land. That took place at 4 A.H.
Then the Banu Quraiza fared no better. They took part in the battle of the Allies after breaking their previous treaty with the Prophet. They were warned but they did not lsiten to it. After the abttle, the Prophet laid siege to their port. After some resistance, they surrendered in 5 A.H. About the punishment to be meted out to them for their repeated treacheries, they were asked to choose their own course. The Jews chose Sa'ad as their arbiter, he passed the sentence of death on 300 males, the females and children were to be taken captives and their property was to be confiscated . Had the Jews the Prophet as arbiter, their sentence would have been lenient i.e. at best exile.
In 7 A.H. the fort of Khaiber was laid siege to, as the Jews there with the refugees of Bani Nazir began to patch up plots against Islam . They conspired with the powerful tribe of Ghatafan in order to attack Medina. They gave poisoned food to the Prophet the effect of which the Prophet felt to the last day of his life. For this reason,Khaiber was conquered but the Jews were allowed autonomy on certain conditions. After the Prophet's holy demise, the Jews began to trouble the Caliphs and to practise treachery with the Muslims. Once they threw down Omar's son Abdullah from the top of a house. For all these reasons, Hazarat Omar banished the Jews of Khaiber from their stronghold and were allowed to settle in Syria. Thus the land of the whole of the Arabian Peninsula consisted of Muslims and Muslims alone and the banner of Islam was hoisted over every house in teh vast land.
Abu Hurairah reported . While we were in the mosque, the Apostle of Allah came out and said: March against the Jews. So we came out with him till we came up to a school-house. Then the Apostle of Allah got up and said: O congregation of Jews, accept Islam and you will be safe. Know that this land is for Allah and His Apostle and I was to banish you from this land. So whoso of you has got any property (valuable), let him sell it.
Ibn Abbas reported that the Holy Prophet left three instructions for three things: Expel the unbelievers form peninsula of Arabia, treat with deputations well just as I treated them. Ibn Abbas said that he remained silent with regard to the third or he said: I have forgotten.
Jaber-b-Abdullah reported : Omar-b-al Khattab informed me that he had heard the Apostle of Allah say: I must expel the Jews and the Christians from the Peninsula of Arabia till I shall not leave therein but Muslims. Muslim narrated it, and in a narrations: If I live, God willing, I must expel the Jews and the Christians from the Peninsula of Arabia. (Compared it with 23:197):- It is impossible to have two religions in a land.
This was exactly the case with Banu Nazir .They attempted once on the life of the Prophet and sided with they enemies secretly. They were asked to renew the agreement but they did not comply. This was taken as open war. Hence they were banished from their land. That took place at 4 A.H.
Then the Banu Quraiza fared no better. They took part in the battle of the Allies after breaking their previous treaty with the Prophet. They were warned but they did not lsiten to it. After the abttle, the Prophet laid siege to their port. After some resistance, they surrendered in 5 A.H. About the punishment to be meted out to them for their repeated treacheries, they were asked to choose their own course. The Jews chose Sa'ad as their arbiter, he passed the sentence of death on 300 males, the females and children were to be taken captives and their property was to be confiscated . Had the Jews the Prophet as arbiter, their sentence would have been lenient i.e. at best exile.
In 7 A.H. the fort of Khaiber was laid siege to, as the Jews there with the refugees of Bani Nazir began to patch up plots against Islam . They conspired with the powerful tribe of Ghatafan in order to attack Medina. They gave poisoned food to the Prophet the effect of which the Prophet felt to the last day of his life. For this reason,Khaiber was conquered but the Jews were allowed autonomy on certain conditions. After the Prophet's holy demise, the Jews began to trouble the Caliphs and to practise treachery with the Muslims. Once they threw down Omar's son Abdullah from the top of a house. For all these reasons, Hazarat Omar banished the Jews of Khaiber from their stronghold and were allowed to settle in Syria. Thus the land of the whole of the Arabian Peninsula consisted of Muslims and Muslims alone and the banner of Islam was hoisted over every house in teh vast land.
Abu Hurairah reported . While we were in the mosque, the Apostle of Allah came out and said: March against the Jews. So we came out with him till we came up to a school-house. Then the Apostle of Allah got up and said: O congregation of Jews, accept Islam and you will be safe. Know that this land is for Allah and His Apostle and I was to banish you from this land. So whoso of you has got any property (valuable), let him sell it.
Ibn Abbas reported that the Holy Prophet left three instructions for three things: Expel the unbelievers form peninsula of Arabia, treat with deputations well just as I treated them. Ibn Abbas said that he remained silent with regard to the third or he said: I have forgotten.
Jaber-b-Abdullah reported : Omar-b-al Khattab informed me that he had heard the Apostle of Allah say: I must expel the Jews and the Christians from the Peninsula of Arabia till I shall not leave therein but Muslims. Muslim narrated it, and in a narrations: If I live, God willing, I must expel the Jews and the Christians from the Peninsula of Arabia. (Compared it with 23:197):- It is impossible to have two religions in a land.
No comments:
Post a Comment